An inode is a data structure that stores all information (such as access mode (read, write, execute permissions), ownership, file type, file size, group, number of links, etc) about a file except the content of the file and filename. Each inode is identified by an integer number. An inode is assigned to a file when the file is created.
Some file system (most notably ext3) create all inodes when the file system is created. This means that it is possible to run out of storage because all of the inodes are used, although there is available space on the disk. Other file systems (like xfs) create inodes as needed.
You can view a file’s inode number with the ls -il command:
The first number on the left represents the inode number of the file.
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