syslogd is the most common logger for Linux and Unix. The syslogd daemon (a daemon is a computer program in the background) handles messages from servers and programs.
syslogd provides a unified means of handling log files. It accepts log messsages delivered from servers and programs and directs them to the appropriate log files. This enables the consolidation of messages from various sources in standard log files, which makes them easier to manage.
The syslogd configuration is done through the /etc/syslog.conf file. The logging is specified with rules entries. On each line the selector (facility.priority) and the action are specified. For example, consider the following line:
kern.alert /var/log/kern.log
The rule above specifies that each log message from the kern facility with the priority of alert and higher will be directed to /var/log/kern.log.
To direct messages to remote log host, use the “@” character to specify the hostname of the log host. For example, if we want to direct messages from the example above to the remote server “suse1”, we would use the following line:
kern.alert @suse1
Here is another example, a fairly ordinary and simple entry:
mail.* /var/log/mail
This line sends all log entries identified by the originating program as related to mail to the /var/log/mail file. Most of the entries in a default /etc/syslog.conf file resemble this one. Together, they typically cover all of the facilities mentioned earlier. Some messages may be handled by multiple rules. For instance, another rule might look like this one:
*.emerg *
This line sends all emerg-level messages to the consoles of all users who are logged into the computer using text-mode tools. If this line and the earlier mail.* selector are both present, emerg-level messages related to mail will be logged to /var/log/mail and displayed on users’ consoles.
NOTE – on most modern Linux distributions syslogd has been replaced with some newer syslog implementations such as rsyslog or syslog-ng.
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